Agricultural Measurements and Conversions
shared from : Iowa State University - Extension & Outreach
Length (linear) measurements and conversions
1 foot = 12 inches
1 yard = 3 feet
1 surveyor’s rod = 16.5 feet
1 mile = 5,280 feet
1 mile = 1,760 yards
1 mile = 320 surveyors rods
1 mile = .869 nautical miles
1 nautical mile = 1.151 mile
1 kiloyard = 3000 feet
1 kiloyard = .568 mile
1 mile = 1.76 kiloyards
1 knot = 1.151 mile/hour
1 mile/hour = .8690 knots
1 mile = 8 surveyors furlongs
1 surveyors furlong = 0.125 mile
1 furlong = 660 feet
1 fathom = 6 feet
1 foot = .1667 fathom
1 hand (equine) = 4 inches = 10.16 centimeters
1 yard = 3 feet
1 surveyor’s rod = 16.5 feet
1 mile = 5,280 feet
1 mile = 1,760 yards
1 mile = 320 surveyors rods
1 mile = .869 nautical miles
1 nautical mile = 1.151 mile
1 kiloyard = 3000 feet
1 kiloyard = .568 mile
1 mile = 1.76 kiloyards
1 knot = 1.151 mile/hour
1 mile/hour = .8690 knots
1 mile = 8 surveyors furlongs
1 surveyors furlong = 0.125 mile
1 furlong = 660 feet
1 fathom = 6 feet
1 foot = .1667 fathom
1 hand (equine) = 4 inches = 10.16 centimeters
Online conversion: http://www.onlineconversion.com/length_common.htm
Convertit.com: http://www.convertit.com/Go/ConvertIt/Measurement/Converter.ASP
Length Converter -- Unit Converter: http://www.unitconversion.org/unit_converter/length.html
Convertit.com: http://www.convertit.com/Go/ConvertIt/Measurement/Converter.ASP
Length Converter -- Unit Converter: http://www.unitconversion.org/unit_converter/length.html
Surface (area) measurements and conversions
1 square foot = 144 square inches
1 square foot = 929 square centimeters
1 square inch = 6.451 square centimeters
1 square yard = 9 square feet
1 square yard = .836 square meters
1 square rod = 30.25 square yards
1 square rod = 272.25 square feet
1 square rod = 25.293 square meters
1 square centimeter = .155 square inches
1 square decimeter = 15.5 square inches
1 square meter = 1.196 square yards
1 square meter = 10.764 square feet
1 square kilometer = 247.1 acres
1 square kilometer = .386 square mile
1 acre = 160 square rods
1 acre = 1 rod wide and 0.5 mile long
1 acre = 43,560 square feet
1 square acre = 208.71 feet by 208.71 feet
1/2 acre = 147.58 feet wide and 147.58 feet long
1/4 square acre = 104.355 feet wide and 104.355 feet long
1 acre = 4,840 square yards
1 square acre = 69.57 yards by 69.57 yards
1 circular acre = 235.504 feet in diameter
1 centiare = 1 square meter
1 are = 100 square meters
1 square are = 10 meters by 10 meters
1 are = 100 centiares
1 are = .025 acres
1 are = 119.599 square yards
1 decare = 1,000 square meters
1 decare = 10 ares
1 hectare = 10,000 square meters
1 hectare = 10 decares
1 hectare = 2.47105 acres
1 acre = .404686 hectares
1 square hectare = 100 meters by 100 meters
1 hectare = 107,584 square feet
1 square hectare = 328 feet by 328 feet
1 square mile = 259 hectares
1 square kilometer = 1,000,000 square meters
1 square kilometer = 100 hectares
1 square kilometer = 10 hectares by 10 hectares
1 square foot = 929 square centimeters
1 square inch = 6.451 square centimeters
1 square yard = 9 square feet
1 square yard = .836 square meters
1 square rod = 30.25 square yards
1 square rod = 272.25 square feet
1 square rod = 25.293 square meters
1 square centimeter = .155 square inches
1 square decimeter = 15.5 square inches
1 square meter = 1.196 square yards
1 square meter = 10.764 square feet
1 square kilometer = 247.1 acres
1 square kilometer = .386 square mile
1 acre = 160 square rods
1 acre = 1 rod wide and 0.5 mile long
1 acre = 43,560 square feet
1 square acre = 208.71 feet by 208.71 feet
1/2 acre = 147.58 feet wide and 147.58 feet long
1/4 square acre = 104.355 feet wide and 104.355 feet long
1 acre = 4,840 square yards
1 square acre = 69.57 yards by 69.57 yards
1 circular acre = 235.504 feet in diameter
1 centiare = 1 square meter
1 are = 100 square meters
1 square are = 10 meters by 10 meters
1 are = 100 centiares
1 are = .025 acres
1 are = 119.599 square yards
1 decare = 1,000 square meters
1 decare = 10 ares
1 hectare = 10,000 square meters
1 hectare = 10 decares
1 hectare = 2.47105 acres
1 acre = .404686 hectares
1 square hectare = 100 meters by 100 meters
1 hectare = 107,584 square feet
1 square hectare = 328 feet by 328 feet
1 square mile = 259 hectares
1 square kilometer = 1,000,000 square meters
1 square kilometer = 100 hectares
1 square kilometer = 10 hectares by 10 hectares
Online Conversions: http://www.onlineconversion.com/area.htm
Convertit.com: http://www.convertit.com/Go/ConvertIt/Measurement/Converter.ASP
Biomass Energy Data Book, U.S. Department of Energy:https://cta.ornl.gov/bedb/appendix_a.shtml
Area Conversion – Unit Converter: http://www.unitconversion.org/unit_converter/area.html
Convertit.com: http://www.convertit.com/Go/ConvertIt/Measurement/Converter.ASP
Biomass Energy Data Book, U.S. Department of Energy:https://cta.ornl.gov/bedb/appendix_a.shtml
Area Conversion – Unit Converter: http://www.unitconversion.org/unit_converter/area.html
U.S. government land measurements and conversions
1 township = 36 sections
1 section = 640 acres
1 section = 1 square mile
1 quarter section = 160 acres
1 quarter section = 0.5 mile long and 0.5 mile wide
1 eighth section = 80 acres
1 eighth section = 1/2 mile long and 1/4 mile wide
1 sixteenth section = 40 acres
1 sixteenth section = 1/4 mile long and 1/4 mile wide
1 section = 640 acres
1 section = 1 square mile
1 quarter section = 160 acres
1 quarter section = 0.5 mile long and 0.5 mile wide
1 eighth section = 80 acres
1 eighth section = 1/2 mile long and 1/4 mile wide
1 sixteenth section = 40 acres
1 sixteenth section = 1/4 mile long and 1/4 mile wide
Surveyor’s measurements and conversions
1 link = 7.92 inches
1 link = .66 feet
1 rod = 25 links
1 rod = 16.5 feet
1 pole = 1 rod
1 pole = 25 links
1 chain = 4 rods
1 chain = 66 feet
1 acre = 10 square chains
1 mile = 80 chains
1 link = .66 feet
1 rod = 25 links
1 rod = 16.5 feet
1 pole = 1 rod
1 pole = 25 links
1 chain = 4 rods
1 chain = 66 feet
1 acre = 10 square chains
1 mile = 80 chains
Volume measurements and conversions
1 cubic foot = 1,728 cubic inches
1 cubic yard = 27 cubic feet
1 cubic yard = 27 cubic feet
Dry
1 teaspoon = .17 fluid ounces (1/6 oz.)
1 tablespoon (1/2 oz.) = 3 teaspoons (level)
1 peck = 8 quarts
1 bushel = 4 pecks
1 chaldron = 36 bushels
1 bushel grain or shelled corn = 1.25 cubic feet
1 cubic foot grain or shelled corn = .8 bushels
1 bushel ear corn = 2.5 cubic feet
1 cubic foot ear corn = .4 bushels
1 board ft. = 1" x 12" x 12" nominal dimensions
1 cord (wood) = 128 cubic feet
1 cubic yard concrete = 81 sq. ft.—4" floor
1 cubic yard concrete = 54 sq. ft.—6" floor
1 tablespoon (1/2 oz.) = 3 teaspoons (level)
1 peck = 8 quarts
1 bushel = 4 pecks
1 chaldron = 36 bushels
1 bushel grain or shelled corn = 1.25 cubic feet
1 cubic foot grain or shelled corn = .8 bushels
1 bushel ear corn = 2.5 cubic feet
1 cubic foot ear corn = .4 bushels
1 board ft. = 1" x 12" x 12" nominal dimensions
1 cord (wood) = 128 cubic feet
1 cubic yard concrete = 81 sq. ft.—4" floor
1 cubic yard concrete = 54 sq. ft.—6" floor
Volume - Dry Conversion - Unit Converter: http://www.unitconversion.org/unit_converter/volume-dry.html
Liquid
1 fluid ounce = 2 tablespoons
1 cup (liquid) = 16 tablespoons (8 oz.)
1 quart = 2 pints
1 gallon = 4 quarts
1 cup = 8 fluid ounces
1 pint = 2 cups
1 pint = 16 fluid ounces
1 quart = 2 pints
1 quart = 32 fluid ounces
1 gallon = 128 ounces
1 gallon = .1337 cubic feet
1 cubic foot = 7.48 gallons
1 gallon = 231 cubic inches
1 gallon = 32 gill
1 US gallon = .8327 imperial gallons (British)
1 imperial gallon (British) = 1.201 U.S. gallons
1 gallon water (20° C)= 8.33 pounds
1 foot of water (4° C) = .4335 pounds per sq. inch
1 pound per sq. inch = 2.307 feet of water (4° C)
1 cubic foot = 62.427 pounds of water (4° C)
1 acre inch = 27,154 gallons liquid
1 acre foot = 325,851 gallons liquid
1 cup (liquid) = 16 tablespoons (8 oz.)
1 quart = 2 pints
1 gallon = 4 quarts
1 cup = 8 fluid ounces
1 pint = 2 cups
1 pint = 16 fluid ounces
1 quart = 2 pints
1 quart = 32 fluid ounces
1 gallon = 128 ounces
1 gallon = .1337 cubic feet
1 cubic foot = 7.48 gallons
1 gallon = 231 cubic inches
1 gallon = 32 gill
1 US gallon = .8327 imperial gallons (British)
1 imperial gallon (British) = 1.201 U.S. gallons
1 gallon water (20° C)= 8.33 pounds
1 foot of water (4° C) = .4335 pounds per sq. inch
1 pound per sq. inch = 2.307 feet of water (4° C)
1 cubic foot = 62.427 pounds of water (4° C)
1 acre inch = 27,154 gallons liquid
1 acre foot = 325,851 gallons liquid
Online Conversion: http://www.onlineconversion.com/volume.htm
Convertit.com: http://www.convertit.com/Go/ConvertIt/Measurement/Converter.ASP
Capacity and Volume Converter - Unit Converter: http://www.unitconversion.org/unit_converter/volume.html
Convertit.com: http://www.convertit.com/Go/ConvertIt/Measurement/Converter.ASP
Capacity and Volume Converter - Unit Converter: http://www.unitconversion.org/unit_converter/volume.html
Velocity
1 mile per hour = 1.467 feet per second
1 mile per hour = .447 meters per second
1 mile per hour = 1.609 kilometers per hour
1 kilometer per hour = .9114 feet per second
1 kilometer per hour = .2778 meters per second
1 kilometer per hour = .6214 miles per hour
1 meter per second = 3.281 feet per second
1 meter per second = 2.237 miles per hour
1 meter per second = 3.6 kilometers per hour
1 foot per second = .3048 meters per second
1 foot per second = .6818 miles per hour
1 foot per second = 1.0972 kilometers per hour
1 mile per hour = .447 meters per second
1 mile per hour = 1.609 kilometers per hour
1 kilometer per hour = .9114 feet per second
1 kilometer per hour = .2778 meters per second
1 kilometer per hour = .6214 miles per hour
1 meter per second = 3.281 feet per second
1 meter per second = 2.237 miles per hour
1 meter per second = 3.6 kilometers per hour
1 foot per second = .3048 meters per second
1 foot per second = .6818 miles per hour
1 foot per second = 1.0972 kilometers per hour
Biomass Energy Data Book; U.S. Department of Energy https://cta.ornl.gov/bedb/appendix_a.shtml
Velocity Conversion – Unit Converter: http://www.unitconversion.org/unit_converter/velocity.html
Velocity Conversion – Unit Converter: http://www.unitconversion.org/unit_converter/velocity.html
Flow Rate
Mass
1 short (U.S.) ton (2,000 lbs.) per day = .907 metric tons per day
1 short ton per day = 37.80 kilograms per hour
1 short ton per day = .630 kilograms per minute
1 short ton per day = 83.33 pounds per hour
1 short ton per day = 1.389 pounds per minute
1 short (U.S.) ton (2,000 lbs.) per day = .907 metric tons per day
1 short ton per day = 37.80 kilograms per hour
1 short ton per day = .630 kilograms per minute
1 short ton per day = 83.33 pounds per hour
1 short ton per day = 1.389 pounds per minute
1 short ton per hour = 33.33 pounds per minute
1 short ton per hour = 15.12 kilograms per minute
1 short ton per hour = 15.12 kilograms per minute
1 metric ton (2,205 lbs.) per day = 1.102 short tons per day
1 metric ton per day = 41.67 kilograms per hour
1 metric ton per day = .694 kilograms per minute
1 metric ton per day = 91.86 pounds per hour
1 metric ton per day = 1.531 pounds per minute
1 metric ton per day = 41.67 kilograms per hour
1 metric ton per day = .694 kilograms per minute
1 metric ton per day = 91.86 pounds per hour
1 metric ton per day = 1.531 pounds per minute
1 metric ton per hour = 36.74 pounds per minute
1 metric ton per hour = 16.67 kilograms per minute
1 metric ton per hour = 16.67 kilograms per minute
Online conversion: http://www.onlineconversion.com/flow_rate_mass.htm
Convertit.com: http://www.convertit.com/Go/ConvertIt/Measurement/Converter.ASP
Convertit.com: http://www.convertit.com/Go/ConvertIt/Measurement/Converter.ASP
Volume
1 cubic foot per hour = .0283 cubic meter per hour
1 cubic meter per hour = 35.315 cubic feet per hour
1 cubic foot per hour = .0283 cubic meter per hour
1 cubic meter per hour = 35.315 cubic feet per hour
1 U.S. gallon per hour = 3.785 liters per hour
1 gallon per hour = 3.209 cubic feet per day
1 gallon per hour = 1,171 cubic feet per year
1 gallon per hour = 90.84 liters per day
1 gallon per hour = 33,157 liters per year
1 gallon per hour = 19.97 imperial gallons per day
1 gallon per hour = 7,289 imperial gallons per year
1 gallon per hour = 3.209 cubic feet per day
1 gallon per hour = 1,171 cubic feet per year
1 gallon per hour = 90.84 liters per day
1 gallon per hour = 33,157 liters per year
1 gallon per hour = 19.97 imperial gallons per day
1 gallon per hour = 7,289 imperial gallons per year
1 liter per hour = .264 gallons per hour
1 liter per hour = .8474 cubic feet per day
1 liter per hour = 309.3 cubic feet per year
1 liter per hour = 6.298 U.S. gallons per day
1 liter per hour = 2,299 U.S. gallons per year
1 liter per hour = 5.28 imperial gallons per day
1 liter per hour = 1,927 imperial gallons per year
1 liter per hour = .8474 cubic feet per day
1 liter per hour = 309.3 cubic feet per year
1 liter per hour = 6.298 U.S. gallons per day
1 liter per hour = 2,299 U.S. gallons per year
1 liter per hour = 5.28 imperial gallons per day
1 liter per hour = 1,927 imperial gallons per year
1 acre foot per day = 325,851 gallons per day
1 acre foot per day = 13,577 gallons per hour
1 acre foot per day = 266 gallons per minute
1 acre foot per day = 3.77 gallons per second
1 acre foot per day = 1815.00 cubic feet per hour
1 acre foot per day = 30.250 cubic feet per minute
1 acre foot per day = .504 cubic feet per second
1 acre foot per day = 67.222 cubic yards per hour
1 acre foot per day = 1.120 cubic yards per minute
1 acre foot per day = 51.40 cubic meters per hour
1 acre foot per day = .857 cubic meters per minute
1 acre foot per day = 13,577 gallons per hour
1 acre foot per day = 266 gallons per minute
1 acre foot per day = 3.77 gallons per second
1 acre foot per day = 1815.00 cubic feet per hour
1 acre foot per day = 30.250 cubic feet per minute
1 acre foot per day = .504 cubic feet per second
1 acre foot per day = 67.222 cubic yards per hour
1 acre foot per day = 1.120 cubic yards per minute
1 acre foot per day = 51.40 cubic meters per hour
1 acre foot per day = .857 cubic meters per minute
1 acre foot per hour = 7,820,434 gallons per day
1 acre foot per hour = 325,851 gallons per hour
1 acre foot per hour = 5,430.86 gallons per minute
1 acre foot per hour = 90.51 gallons per second
1 acre foot per hour = 43,600 cubic feet per hour
1 acre foot per hour = 726.000 cubic feet per minute
1 acre foot per hour = 12.100 cubic feet per second
1 acre foot per hour = 1,613 cubic yards per hour
1 acre foot per hour = 26,889 cubic yards per minute
1 acre foot per hour = .448 cubic yards per second
1 acre foot per hour = 1,233.48 cubic meters per hour
1 acre foot per hour = 20.56 cubic meters per minute
1 acre foot per hour = .343 cubic meters per second
1 acre foot per hour = 325,851 gallons per hour
1 acre foot per hour = 5,430.86 gallons per minute
1 acre foot per hour = 90.51 gallons per second
1 acre foot per hour = 43,600 cubic feet per hour
1 acre foot per hour = 726.000 cubic feet per minute
1 acre foot per hour = 12.100 cubic feet per second
1 acre foot per hour = 1,613 cubic yards per hour
1 acre foot per hour = 26,889 cubic yards per minute
1 acre foot per hour = .448 cubic yards per second
1 acre foot per hour = 1,233.48 cubic meters per hour
1 acre foot per hour = 20.56 cubic meters per minute
1 acre foot per hour = .343 cubic meters per second
1 acre inch per hour = 27,154 gallons per day
1 acre inch per hour = 1131.43 gallons per hour
1 acre inch per hour = 18.857 gallons per minute
1 acre inch per hour = .314 gallons per second
1 acre inch per hour = 60.50 cubic feet per minute
1 acre inch per hour = 1.008 cubic feet per second
1 acre inch per hour = 2.241 cubic yards per minute
1 acre inch per hour = .037 cubic yards per second
1 acre inch per hour = 1.713 cubic meters per minute
1 acre inch per hour = .029 cubic meters per second
1 acre inch per hour = 1131.43 gallons per hour
1 acre inch per hour = 18.857 gallons per minute
1 acre inch per hour = .314 gallons per second
1 acre inch per hour = 60.50 cubic feet per minute
1 acre inch per hour = 1.008 cubic feet per second
1 acre inch per hour = 2.241 cubic yards per minute
1 acre inch per hour = .037 cubic yards per second
1 acre inch per hour = 1.713 cubic meters per minute
1 acre inch per hour = .029 cubic meters per second
1 hectare meter per day = 8.107 acre feet per day
1 hectare meter per day = 110,072 gallons per hour
1 hectare meter per day = .338 acre feet per hour
1 hectare meter per day = 97.29 acre inches per day
1 hectare meter per day = 14,714 cubic feet per day
1 hectare meter per day = 416.67 cubic meters per day
1 hectare meter per day = 110,072 gallons per hour
1 hectare meter per day = .338 acre feet per hour
1 hectare meter per day = 97.29 acre inches per day
1 hectare meter per day = 14,714 cubic feet per day
1 hectare meter per day = 416.67 cubic meters per day
Online conversion: http://www.onlineconversion.com/flow_rate_volume.htm
Convertit.com: http://www.convertit.com/Go/ConvertIt/Measurement/Converter.ASP
Convertit.com: http://www.convertit.com/Go/ConvertIt/Measurement/Converter.ASP
Circle & sphere (area) measurements and conversions
Diameter of a circle = circumference x .31831
Circumference of a circle = diameter x 3.1416
Area of a circle = diameter x diameter x .7854
Surface of a ball = diameter x diameter x 3.1416
Doubling the diameter of a pipe increases its capacity 4 times
Circumference of a circle = diameter x 3.1416
Area of a circle = diameter x diameter x .7854
Surface of a ball = diameter x diameter x 3.1416
Doubling the diameter of a pipe increases its capacity 4 times
Apothecaries’ weight (1 pound = 12 ounces) measurements and conversions
1 pound = 12 ounces
1 ounce = 8 drams
1 dram = 3 scruples
1 scruple = 20 grains
1 ounce = 8 drams
1 dram = 3 scruples
1 scruple = 20 grains
Avoirdupois’ weight (1 pound = 16 ounces) measurements and conversions
1 pound = 16 ounces
1 pound = 256 drams
1 quarter = 25 pounds
1 hundredweight (cwt) = 100 pounds
1 ton = 2000 pounds
1 pound = 256 drams
1 quarter = 25 pounds
1 hundredweight (cwt) = 100 pounds
1 ton = 2000 pounds
Ton (weight) measurements and conversions
1 short ton (U.S. ton) = 2000 lbs.
1 short ton = 907 kgs.
1 long ton (imperial ton or shipping ton) = 2,240 lbs.
1 long ton = 1,016 kgs.
1 metric ton (tonne) = 2,204.62 lbs.
1 metric ton = 1,000 kgs.
1 long ton = 1.12 short tons
1 long ton = 1.016 metric tons
1 metric ton = 1.102 short tons
1 metric ton = 0.984206 long tons
1 short ton = 0.8928571 long tons
1 short ton = 0.9071847 metric tons
1 short ton = 907 kgs.
1 long ton (imperial ton or shipping ton) = 2,240 lbs.
1 long ton = 1,016 kgs.
1 metric ton (tonne) = 2,204.62 lbs.
1 metric ton = 1,000 kgs.
1 long ton = 1.12 short tons
1 long ton = 1.016 metric tons
1 metric ton = 1.102 short tons
1 metric ton = 0.984206 long tons
1 short ton = 0.8928571 long tons
1 short ton = 0.9071847 metric tons
Online conversions: http://www.onlineconversion.com/weight_common.htm
Convertit.com: http://www.convertit.com/Go/ConvertIt/Measurement/Converter.ASP
Weight and Mass Converter - Unit Converter: http://www.unitconversion.org/unit_converter/weight.html
Convertit.com: http://www.convertit.com/Go/ConvertIt/Measurement/Converter.ASP
Weight and Mass Converter - Unit Converter: http://www.unitconversion.org/unit_converter/weight.html
Speed measurements and conversions
1 kilometer per hour = .6214 miles per hour
1 mile per hour = 1.609 kilometers per hour
1 meter per second = 2.237 miles per hour
1 meter per second = 3.6 kilometers per hour
1 mile per hour = .447 meters per second
1 knot = 1.151 miles per hour
1 mile per hour = .8690 knots
1 mile per hour = 1.609 kilometers per hour
1 meter per second = 2.237 miles per hour
1 meter per second = 3.6 kilometers per hour
1 mile per hour = .447 meters per second
1 knot = 1.151 miles per hour
1 mile per hour = .8690 knots
Online conversions: http://www.onlineconversion.com/speed_common.htm
Convertit.com: http://www.convertit.com/Go/ConvertIt/Measurement/Converter.ASP
Convertit.com: http://www.convertit.com/Go/ConvertIt/Measurement/Converter.ASP
Application measurements and conversions
phosphorus (P) x 2.29 = P2O5
P2O5 x.44 = phosphorus (P)
potassium (K) x 1.2 = K2O
K2O x .83 = potash (K)
1 short ton per acre = 2.24 metric tons per hectare
1 metric ton per hectare = .446 short tons per acre
P2O5 x.44 = phosphorus (P)
potassium (K) x 1.2 = K2O
K2O x .83 = potash (K)
1 short ton per acre = 2.24 metric tons per hectare
1 metric ton per hectare = .446 short tons per acre
References
Energy Kids Page, Energy Information Administration, (http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/science/energy_calculator.html)
Energy Information Administration, (http://www.eia.doe.gov/)
Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page)
Measurement Converter, Convertit.com, (http://www.convertit.com/Go/ConvertIt/)
Bioenergy Feedstock Information Network, (http://bioenergy.ornl.gov/)
Iowa Energy Center, Iowa State University, (http://www.energy.iastate.edu/)
Biomass Energy Datebook, U.S. Department of Energy, (https://cta.ornl.gov/bedb/appendix_a.shtml)
Energy Information Administration, (http://www.eia.doe.gov/)
Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page)
Measurement Converter, Convertit.com, (http://www.convertit.com/Go/ConvertIt/)
Bioenergy Feedstock Information Network, (http://bioenergy.ornl.gov/)
Iowa Energy Center, Iowa State University, (http://www.energy.iastate.edu/)
Biomass Energy Datebook, U.S. Department of Energy, (https://cta.ornl.gov/bedb/appendix_a.shtml)
Don Hofstrand, retired extension value added agriculture specialist, agdm@iastate.edu
THANKS to Mr. Don Hofstrand
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